Genres of Literature Essay

Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. There are several genres of literature that fall under the nonfiction category. Nonfiction sits in direct opposition to fiction. Examples from both the fiction and nonfiction genres of literature are explained in detail below. This detailed genres of literature list is a great resource to share with any scholars. Types of Nonfiction: Narrative Nonfiction is information based on fact that is presented in a format which tells a story. Essays are a short literary composition that reflects the author’s outlook or point. A short literary composition on a particular theme or subject, usually in prose and generally analytic, speculative, or interpretative. A Biography is a written account of another person’s life. An Autobiography gives the history of a person’s life, written or told by that person. Often written in Narrative form of their person’s life. Speech is the faculty or power of speaking; oral communication; ability to express one’s thoughts and emotions by speech, sounds, and gesture. Generally delivered in the form of an address or discourse. Finally there is the general genre of Nonfiction. This is Informational text dealing with an actual, real-life subject. This genre of literature offers opinions or conjectures on facts and reality. This includes biographies, history, essays, speech, and narrative non fiction. Nonfiction opposes fiction and is distinguished from those fiction genres of literature like poetry and drama which is the next section we will discuss. Genres of Fiction: Drama is the genre of literature that’s subject for compositions is dramatic art in the way it is represented. This genre is stories composed in verse or prose, usually for theatrical performance, where conflicts and emotion are expressed through dialogue and action. Poetry is verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that evokes an emotional response from the reader. The art of poetry is rhythmical in composition, written or spoken. This genre of literature is for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. Fantasy is the forming of mental images with strange or other worldly settings or characters; fiction which invites suspension of reality. Humor is the faculty of perceiving what is amusing or comical. Fiction full of fun, fancy, and excitement which meant to entertain. This genre of literature can actually be seen and contained within all genres. A Fable is a story about supernatural or extraordinary people Usually in the form of narration that demons trates a useful truth. In Fables, animals often speak as humans that are legendary and supernatural tales. Fairy Tales or wonder tales are a kind of folktale or fable. Sometimes the stories are about fairies or other magical creatures, usually for children. Science Fiction is a story based on impact of potential science, either actual or imagined. Science fiction is one of the genres of literature that is set in the future or on other planets. Short Story is fiction of such briefness that is not able to support any subplots. Realistic Fiction is a story that can actually happen and is true to real life. Folklore are songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a person of â€Å"folk† that was handed down by word of mouth. Folklore is a genre of literature that is widely held, but false and based on unsubstantiated beliefs. Historical Fiction is a story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting. Horror is an overwhelming and painful feeling caused by literature that is frightfully shocking, terrifying, or revolting. Fiction in which events evoke a feeling of dread in both the characters and the reader. A Tall Tale is a humorous story with blatant exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the impossible with an here of nonchalance. Legend is a story that sometimes of a national or folk hero. Legend is based on fact but also includes imaginative material. Mystery is a genre of fiction that deals with the solution of a crime or the unraveling of secrets. Anything that is kept secret or remains unexplained or unknown. Mythology is a type of legend or traditional narrative. This is often based in part on historical events, that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism; often pertaining to the actions of the gods. A body of myths, as that of a particular people or that relating to a particular person. Fiction in Verse is full-length novels with plot, subplots, themes, with major and minor characters. Fiction of verse is one of thegenres of literature in which the narrative is usually presented in blank verse form. The genre of Fiction can be defined as narrative literary works whose content is produced by the imagination and is not necessarily based on fact. In fiction something is feigned, invented, or imagined; a made-up story. The Oxford English Dictionary is a great place to consult for any further definitions of the different genres of literature explained here.

Network Design Project It/230 Final Paper

Network Design Project Art Meyer IT/230 Pernell Curtis 11/27/2011 Executive Summary The Tri-Corp company is need of a complete networking solution. Tri-Corp has two offices, one in Phoenix, and the other in Tucson. The main office in Phoenix is a large 4-story building with 50 workstations and 10 network printers. The Tucson office has five separate workstations and three network capable printers. The clients use Outlook exchange web server for their email communications; both offices require data transfer on a daily basis. Each user requires access to the internet and the shared data stored on the nine clients workstations.DSL, cable, and T3 network solutions are available to the clients. The Tucson clients have a cable internet connection with 8mbps max upload and download limit. The physical layout of the Tucson office is a single story design where the workstations are located in five separate offices in a large building; an unused storage closet is located in a central point in between the offices of that building. Tri-Corps needs a reliable network, with a VPN service to accommodate the needs of traveling executives, upper management, and a growing workforce.Company executives at Tri-Corp have requested a remote access solution as part of their systems upgrade. The company desires its employees to have access to the network from their home PC’s and laptops as a method to help improve productivity and eliminate unnecessary travel and paperwork. In order to function more efficiently, many companies across the globe require remote access to their server systems. A remote access solution will provide Tri-Corp with a proven method to retrieve data from remote locations and them with the opportunity for their executives to complete necessary tasks on the go.However, remote access may provide intruders a method to access Tri-Corps secure data. These vulnerabilities may expose the risk of exploitation and have caused irreparable damage to other companies i n the past. Successfully implementing Tri-Corps remote access solution requires careful planning to protect their data and avoid unwanted attacks by unauthorized users. In addition to the Enterprise system upgrades, Tri-Corp needs to design and implement a disaster recovery plan and review system security policies.While some disasters are unavoidable and vary in type and magnitude, system security attacks are avoidable when companies enforce their information policies and protect their resources. Tri-Corps offices may contain vulnerabilities because they offer remote access to company data to many employees in both locations. Cabling Specifications The shield twisted pair (STP) or unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable are what connects computers to the switch on the Star Topology network10Base-T is one of the Ethernet standards for cabling in a network environment. 10BaseT uses a twisted pair cable with a maximum length of 100 meters.Standard 10BaseT operates at 10 Mbps. It is commonl y used in a star topology. Gigabit Ethernet (CAT6) over twisted pair copper wires is the preferred cabling specification for high speed data transmissions. Transmission rates in this cabling specification may reach speeds of up to 1000 Mbps. CAT5 T/100 base cables will provide adequate data transfer for most other applications. Local Area Network (LAN) Topologies In the star topology, instead of having a direct connection to each other, the systems are connected to a central device, such as a network switch or a router.One definite advantage the star topology provides is network stability. For example, in the star topology, when one system goes down, it does not bring the rest of the network down with it as it does in the bus or ring topologies. The star topology is the most prevalent topology in use today. The physical topology of the star network contains six different classifications; namely point-to-point network, ring network, mesh network, bus network, tree network and star ne twork. Of these six, the star network is one of the most commonly utilized network topologies.According to definition, the term ‘star topology‘, refers to a network wherein all the nodes are connected individually to one common hub (Naik, 2011). Simply stated, the stat topology is a network topology wherein transmission stations connect to the central node in a configuration where the design of the network stations resembles the shape of a star. Essentially, the star topology design may be likened to the spokes on a wheel, all connected to the central hub. In this network configuration, the exchange of date is only possible through an indirect connection to the central node; this connects all other nodes to the network.As with various other types of network topologies, the star topology has its own set of particular advantages and disadvantages. These factors require careful consideration in regards to the feasibility of the network setup. When evaluating this topology, careful comparison to other network solutions and consideration of all available options helped to discover which solution would provide Tri-Corp with the best answer to meet their needs. It is very easy to install and manage star network topology because its functionality is the simplest among the topologies.Because all computers rely on the central hub, troubleshooting a star topology network is much easier, therefore, any problem, which leaves the network inoperable, leaves a direct path to the central hub. This feature simplifies troubleshooting by offering a particular spot for error connection and at the same time, the reliance is very high on that single point. In star topology, the data packets do not have to make their way through various nodes; this ensures that the data transfer is fast.Consequently, the fact that the data packets only make it through three different points also guarantees that the data is safe. Because the nodes do not connect to each other, problems in one node do not affect the routine of other nodes in the network. Since all the computers on the network have independent control of their networks and are only dependant on the central hub computer, failures in transmitting data and other possible problems in this area are less likely to occur. In addition, if the hub is safe then every computer in the network is safe.This type of network provides more privacy than any other network. Additions, such as new machines or replacing older units are much easier in the star network topology, since the network will not experience any disruption to facilitate changes. The primary problem with star network topology is the fact that it is highly dependent on the central hub functioning properly. Additionally, network size is dependent on the number of connections available on the hub. This network type requires more cable when compared to other topologies, such as linear bus topology.Therefore, the cost and expense of a star topology runs hig her and the expenses incurred are relatively high. Since the performance of the total network depends on the performance of the hub, a slow server will cause the entire network to slow down. As mentioned earlier, the star network topology requires more cable to connect the network together than the usual Bus topology. For this particular network setup, the recommendation is to use is the RJ45 or the Ethernet cables. To be specific, this network setup requires a gigabit 48-port switch and CAT6 base T/1000 Ethernet cabling to both the IT and the graphic design department.The other departments will use CAT5 base T/100 cabling. In a Star Network the entire network is dependent on the hub so if the entire network is not working then there could be a problem with the hub. Since all the computers on the network have independent control of their networks and only dependant on the central hub computer, the failures in transmission and other possible problems in this area are less likely. In addition, if the hub is safe then every computer in the network is safe. This type of network also offers more privacy than any other network.A Star Network Topology is best suited for smaller networks like Tri-Corps and works best when there is limited number of nodes. The primary objective is to ensure that Tri-Corps hub or the central node is always functioning and that all extra security features are added to the hub because it s the heart of the network and the stability of the network relies directly on the stability of the central hub. Wide Area Network (WAN) Design Tri-Corps two offices, one in Phoenix and the other in Tucson require a WAN network to effectively communicate and share data and resources.The main office in Phoenix is a large 4-story building with 50 workstations and 10 network printers. The Tucson office has five separate workstations and three network capable printers. The clients use Outlook exchange web server for their email communications and require mini mal amounts of data transfers between the offices. Each user requires access to the internet and the shared data stored on the nine clients workstations. Both DSL and cable internet service are available to the clients. The Tucson clients have a cable internet connection with 8mbps max upload and download limit.The physical layout of the Tucson office is a single story design where the workstations are located in five separate offices in a large building; an unused storage closet is located in a central point in between the offices of that building. The current system in the Tucson office uses a non-commercial five-port router; each computer connects to the router through a Cat5 Ethernet connection. The first step is to discover the bandwidth needs and average user loads. Data from Cisco (Boda, 2009) suggests the average broadband connection generates approximately 11. gigabytes of Internet traffic per month. We will use this figure to calculate the bandwidth needs of this company. Calculating with 10 users and a five-day, forty-hour workweek as our model for the Tucson office, we can calculate average daily consumption to be approximately 5. 7 gigabytes per day of bandwidth consumption. The current cable internet allows for 28 gigabytes during an eight-hour period (multiply 8mbps x 3600, the number of seconds in an eight, hour period, and divide by 1024) should provide a stable connection throughout the day as all ten users are rarely on the network at once.The setup of the Phoenix offices is more complex; they require a T3 connection to accommodate the IT and the Graphic Design departments. The third floor houses the IT department, the first floor houses the reception staff, along with lower level management, the second floor houses the graphic design department, and the fourth floor houses the operations staff while the fifth floor houses upper management. The current system in the Phoenix offices uses a network hub and repeaters. Both the IT and graphic de sign department complain they do not have sufficient bandwidth to meet their needs.Upper management complains that the system on their floor is too slow. The Tucson offices complain they experience difficulty sending and receiving data and email from the Phoenix offices, and connections time out frequently. The current system in the Tucson offices lacks design and will not allow for additional users or adding network printers. Additionally, aside from the firewall provided by the router, no real network security is in place and the workstations cannot communicate with each other in either location. The Phoenix offices need increased speed and greater bandwidth. Both offices require better communications etween the workstations to increase efficiency. The recommendation for the Tucson offices is to install a server system using Windows server 2003, and a VPN; this office will utilize the star topology, thus allowing for growth and easier diagnostics. In addition, failure of one works tation will not affect the entire network and the speed will be optimal. The server software provides several benefits. Multiple applications are available to run in the Server 2003 environment, including financial apps, database programs, and e-mail exchange operations as well as web server and Internet programs.Domain operations are included in the software, something that will become an important resource by adding security and the ability to the local and group policies of the network. Additionally, if Server 2003 is not utilized as a domain controller, then it can run simple network operations using peer-to-peer structures (Garza, 2010). An extensive amount of shielded twisted pair Cat5 cables will be necessary to connect each workstation and the network capable printers. The VPN system will allow the users to connect remotely to their workstations and the company intranet. The Tucson office will utilize the central closet as a server room.The server will handle all application s and house the data storage. The server will have a connection to a primary switch; this switch will also handle the data transfer between the local PCs of each office. The switch accomplishes two tasks; since connections from one port to another are made on an as needed basis (Axia College, 2005), this will eliminate traffic collisions and create faster point to point connections. The switch will be connected to ports on the private network switch allowing for access to the application and data servers, along with the DNS and Active Directory server.Since the data transfer needs are minimal, the switch does not need Cat6 cabling; Cat5 STP will work, gigabit switches will not be necessary. Security from outside traffic will be enforced by closing the ports to outside traffic. Users will access the internet via an Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) server, which will be connected to the public network. The recommendation for the Phoenix office will also include a new server an d the Windows server 2003 platform. Both offices will use the same VPN, however, in the Phoenix offices, only upper management will have access to the VPN from outside the building.The existing network hub will be replaced by T/1000 switches connected to gigabit LAN network interface cards on each of the workstations in the graphic design department as well as those in the IT and upper management. Gigabit LAN adaptors are required on the servers to accommodate the high bandwidth needs of these departments. The reception area, lower management, and Operations will connect to standard switches using a T/100 base, thus eliminating the problem of network congestion in the departments where more bandwidth is required, and limiting the bandwidth where it is not necessary.Cat6 cabling will be utilized on the second, third, and fifth floors to accommodate the bandwidth needs of the high end users. CAT5 cabling will be used throughout the rest of the system and should easily meet the needs o f the end users in the other departments. The primary cost of upgrading both systems will be in the cabling; both offices will require an extensive amount of CAT5 and CAT6 networking cables.The server systems and switches will incur the second highest cost; both upgrades are necessary to provide the company with greater ease of use and transitional growth opportunities Updating the current systems and switching to Windows server 2003 will provide both offices with greater stability, efficiency, and increased security. Updating the Phoenix offices from hubs to switches will increase the flow of network traffic and allow for greater communications between both offices and all workstations.The Tucson offices will benefit from less frequent connection time outs and rapid data transfer to and from the Phoenix offices. Additionally, both offices will be more prepared for rapid growth. The Tucson offices will show increased productivity by networking all of the printers. The Phoenix office s will benefit from as the IT department and graphic design will have the necessary bandwidth to meet their needs, while upper management will spend less time waiting on reports and data necessary to make day to day decisions that will affect the company’s long-term growth strategies.Upgrading the current systems is not only a wise decision, it is the only logical decision for a company that is primed to move ahead and take control of the market in its area and expand into more profitable markets in other cities as well. Network Protocols VPN users gain remote access to their LAN through the internet. VPN’s are network links formed by connecting to an ISP and the company LAN. These connections use technologies such as sophisticated packet encryption to secure the data link. This is especially important, as the information is travels across a public network.The advantage of using a public network versus dedicated connections is the cost; many companies take advantage of VPN technology to provide remote access without compromising security. Dial-up networking is the simplest way to connect to the Internet. Computers connect over the phone line using a modem. Users must pay for a subscription to an ISP like AOL. Dial-up connections are much slower than broadband and the speed maxes out at 33. 6 Kbps. Some applications will work with satisfactory results; more and more applications require greater connection speeds even when performing simple tasks such as transferring files.Both applications require user name and password login information; that however, is where the similarities end. VPN users benefit from a secure, encrypted connection that is firewalled from intruders and typically monitored by a network administrator to ensure the privacy of the connection is not compromised. Dial up users connect to a public network and may be susceptible to outside attacks. Network Remote Access Company executives at Tri-Corp have requested a remote access sol ution as part of their systems upgrade.The company desires its employees to have access to the network from their home PC’s and laptops as a method to help improve productivity and eliminate unnecessary travel and paperwork. The company requests that all upper management be granted unlimited access to all files and network resources and permissions. Additionally, they wish to grant access to all mid-level managers, the operations manager, and the entire graphic design department. Support staff and non-salaried associates desire access to the company site for employee benefits and access to daily reports.Tri-Corps enterprise system runs two servers, one in the main branch located in Phoenix; the other in the support branch located in Tucson. Both branches utilize Microsoft Server 2003 software, and a star topology. Outlook is among the programs that are most widely used by the executive branch, Publisher and Adobe Illustrator top the list among the graphic design department. O perations use a simple data storage program that breaks down cost and projects business forecasts. Tri-Corp believes their company will function more efficiently by granting its employees remote access to their server systems.Whereas it is true remote access does provide many companies with a proven method to retrieve data from remote locations and offers their users a chance to complete necessary tasks on the go, Tri-Corp will be at risk; remote access also offers intruders a way in to Tri-Corps secure data. If these vulnerabilities expose the company to exploitation, the damage may prove to be irreparable. Companies who plan to use a remote access solution need careful planning to protect their data and avoid unwanted attacks by unauthorized users.Therefore, the question lays, â€Å"Should Tri-Corp use Dial-Up or VPN to complete their remote access solution? The first step is user control; it is imperative to control which users can access the network from outside the company. Ne twork access should be granted only for users who need it; the likelihood is that not everyone is likely to need network access from outside the company. Whether Tri-Corp decides to use Dial-Up or VPN they must set up remote access accounts for remote users that are separate from their normal accounts, and make these accounts more restrictive than their normal LAN accounts (Axia, 2006).The company executives may believe this security measure to be impractical; however, this strategy is vital, particularly for users who normally have broad security clearance (Axia, 2006). The advantage of using Dial-Up is the Dial-back feature. Dial-back is a feature whereby you securely enter the phone number of the system from which users are calling (Axia, 2006). Users requesting remote access from a fixed location such as a private residence are ideally suited for a Dial-Up remote access connection with the dial-back feature.Once these users connect, they dial the system, request access, and then the remote access system terminates the connection and dials the preprogrammed phone number to make the real connection (Axia, 2006). The home based computer then answers the call and proceeds to a normal connection. This service offers greater security for home based users because any other user who may attempt to gain access will not be allowed access with this feature enabled. One more key advantage of a dial-up remote access server (RAS); RAS solutions require employees to onnect to the corporate network via a direct telephone call to modem banks installed at the network edge (â€Å"Remote Access Vpn Solutions†,  2000). Three key differences separate dial-up and VPN architectures; the first being that direct dial-up does not utilize the internet to avoid incurring long distance phone charges. Next, the corporation setting up the dial-up connection is responsible for providing modem banks (modem banks are similar to network hubs or switches). Finally, encryption technol ogies are not required because the network traffic passes through non-shared links.Undoubtedly, granting remote access may increase productivity and effectiveness by giving employees direct access to information from anywhere in the world. One primary example is email access; this factor alone makes a big difference for employees that are constantly on the go and rely on email to communicate from remote locations. The business benefits of using a VPN delivers several advantages versus RAS solutions. VPNs offer two distinct cost advantages; first, Internet connections, which are typically local calls, are much less expensive than toll free or long distance dial-up connections.This consideration typically is what convinces most organizations to apply a VPN rather than an RAS solution. Secondly, the equipment cost of purchasing and maintaining a VPN is much more cost effective than standard RAS equipment. Installation and use of VPN’s may yield a cost savings of up to 70 percent over a standard RAS system. Comparatively, most companies discover that remote access VPNs pay for themselves in cost savings in a relatively short period. By way o f contrast, RAS systems only incur greater cost throughout the course of time, especially if upgrades or adding more users is necessary.The amount of access available is dependent on the scaling system and how the VPN distributes the client’s software. Scaling a remote access may also necessitate increased bandwidth of the company’s Internet connection. As soon as the VPN gateway is operational, the company may change the scaling system to support anywhere from a few hundred to tens of thousands of users. The option of scaling for RAS solutions is not as trouble-free and requires the use of additional hardware and adding phone lines.The widespread use of broadband Internet service now offers VPN clients an inexpensive solution to connect corporate networks by utilizing the World Wide Web to connect from ou tside the company walls without losing speed and compromising security. This is a very attractive option for mobile users in particular. Dial-up solutions do not always provide the same security and ease of use as this option. In some cases dial-up solutions may very well remain the best solution; many company’s still employ this solution as part of their remote access services for their fixed locations.With proper maintenance, this solution will still serve the needs of a smaller client base. However, if the client base grows rapidly and significantly, they may soon overload the RAS system and discover they need to move on to a different solution. The recommendation for Tri-Corp is to utilize a VPN solution. However, the executive branch will utilize the dial-up service from their fixed locations, such as their place of residence. This will offer greater security by using the dial-back feature to ensure the user is not an unauthorized intruder.This will also remain cost effe ctive as the executive staff numbers only eight individuals. Graphic design, operations, and the rest of the support staff will gain access through the VPN software in Microsoft’s Server 2003 package. However, each department will only have access to the resources that are consistent with their job requirements. Operations will have access to the database and Outlook; the graphic design department will have access to their saved projects files and Outlook. The support staff will only have access to the company human resources sites and limited access to non-confidential company information.The key elements of a successful remote access implementation will include security, performance, high availability, and client management. A meeting with the Tri-Corp company will outline and clearly define their specific requirements in each key area to discover the solution that will serve the company’s needs. Utilizing both dial-up and VPN solutions will offer this company the be st of both worlds; security and performance as well as greater productivity and performance without the need for incurring greater cost. Network Business ApplicationsThe recommended applications for Tri-Corp will include Microsoft’s Office Professional suite and the Microsoft Server 2003 software for the local servers. Outlook will replace the exchange server provided by Microsoft. This will provide Tri-Corp with more flexibility and aid in the ease of adding new email user accounts. POP3 and SMPT will require proper configuration to enable this service. In addition to the Enterprise system upgrades, Tri-Corp needs to design and implement a disaster recovery plan and review system security policies.While some disasters are unavoidable and vary in type and magnitude, system security attacks are avoidable when companies enforce their information policies and protect their resources. Tri-Corps offices may contain vulnerabilities because they offer remote access to company data t o many employees in both locations. Network Security We will first address the issue of Enterprise Security and best practices. Microsoft has developed a four-part checklist, which focuses on the following key points: Assessing the environment, protecting the network, protecting servers and clients, and finally, monitoring the environment (Microsoft 2011).Using this guide will help increase Tri-Corps security and reduce the risk of outside attacks. Assessing the environment requires learning all of the components within the infrastructure. Tri-Corp needs to identify all assets and security issues while continually monitoring the quality of the security program (Microsoft 2011). Their first step will be to partner upper management with the IT staff so they may both focus on establishing an ongoing process to classify and examine all security risks. Failure to establish this vital communication will absolutely place the company at risk with the largest security problems.Next, protecti ng the network; Tri-Corps server system will utilize both Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption, and a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to aid in maintaining network security. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption is one of the leading technologies used today to secure web sites, intranets, extranets, and other server-based applications (IT Observer, 2009). Using SSL along with special server digital certificates will provide the security handshake and the data encryption to prevent eavesdropping and secure the integrity of data transmissions (IT Observer, 2009).Although SSL and PKI will help provide network security, additional security measures are necessary to protect the servers and clients. Tri-Corps server will utilize a software firewall such as Zone-Alarm, and must maintain up to date anti-virus and Trojan protection software such as Kasperksy, Norton, or McAfee. Next, the IT department must ensure every security patch for all operating systems and applications are applied as soon as they become available. The final focus point in network security, monitoring the environment, entails the weakest link in all network security, people.Monitoring the environment is more than watching and reacting; Tri-Corp must establish a proactive strategy to audit the network and discover poor practices and configurations. Password rules are a primary example; passwords must contain both upper and lowercase characters and one symbol. Only secure messaging through company provided and monitored email accounts will be allowed, no instant messaging or chat rooms; all emails must pass a virus scan before the recipient will be granted access to view the message.With a detailed information policy in place, proper training, consistent, proactive monitoring, Tri-Corp will protect its data and avoid the mess and disruption of security leaks. Once this policy is in place, Tri-Corp will need to move on to its disaster recovery plan. Tri-Corps needs to have a disaster recovery plan i n place, to return to normal after disaster has struck. Defining disaster means an abrupt disruption of all or part of its business operations, which may directly result in revenue loss (Cisco, 2008).To reduce disaster losses, it is imperative to have a first-rate disaster recovery plan for every business subsystem and operation within Tri-Corps walls. Backup and Disaster Recovery Every time a business encounters a disaster, the company always points to one or more causes and effects. The causes may be anticipated, or a result of human, or mechanical origin, and can range from events as miniscule as a minor hardware or software components malfunctioning to commonly recognized events such as earthquakes, fire, and flood (Cisco, 2009).These disasters may cause small interruptions or may lead to total business shutdown for days or months. Occasionally, these disasters have proven to be fatal to unprepared businesses. Forming a disaster recovery plan begins by recognizing the root cause and effect, followed by a detailed analysis of probability and severity, and ranking them in terms of their business priority. The outcome is an official evaluation of threat and a disaster recovery plan that takes into account all available recovery means.In simpler terms, Tri-Corps IT staff needs to determine what types of disasters are most likely to occur and rank them in order of probability. Afterwards, Tri-Corp must create an action plan that encompasses detailed steps to return business to a state of normalcy in the event of the given disaster. Finally, Tri-Corp must form a Disaster Recovery Committee to assume responsibility for rehearsing, carrying out, and improving the disaster recovery plan on a continual basis. Tri-Corps disaster recovery plan must include a data backup plan in the event the company’s database is compromised. The recommendation is to use IBM’s Tivoli software.IBM’s backup and recovery service provides companies with a backup and d isaster recovery solution that includes cloud backup, remote office, unified recovery, and virtual server protection. Their Tivoli Storage Manager received the 2011 CRN Channel Champions Award because of the quality, reliability, support, and scalability of their solution. Many other companies offer backup and disaster recovery solutions, however, based on my research IBM offers the most complete and reliable solution. IBM’s backup and recovery service provides companies with a proven solution for managing their storage needs with a central backup solution.This service uses smart data movement and smart data store technology; together, these technologies complete backups and restores quickly and efficiently while still providing the client with the flexibility to change and adapt. Additionally, the IBM Tivoli suite of storage products supports more than a dozen OS platforms, along with several network connectors, and more than 500 storage devices. (Art W Meyer,  2011,  pa ra. 2,4) Using these two key components will ensure Tri-Corp will complete the necessary preparation to survive disaster and avoid external attacks.Additionally, this plan will ensure that the resources required to keep the business going are available to key personnel. The questions regarding what to do, how to do it, and the ever- present need for communication to critical data is a key component in maintaining Tri-Corps success. However, no amount of planning provides the desired effect without a thorough understanding of the organization and its inner workings. Tri-Corp must incorporate its processes, people, and systems with precise, exacting detail to aid in a seamless transition.Following the preceding recommendations will help assure Tri-Corp does not fail because of ignorance. This recommendation will protect Tri-Corps valuable data assets and help the company to keep moving forward.References . Axia College. (2005). Networking, a Beginners Guide, Fourth Edition. Retrieved from Axia College, IT/230 website Axia College. (2005). Networking, a Beginners Guide, Fourth Edition. Retrieved from Axia College, IT/230 website Agility Recovery Solutions. (2009). Retrieved from http://blog. agilityrecovery. com/disaster-recovery?   k=disaster%20recovery%20solutions&_kt=b63adcc1-e0cf-4e52-b042-bbffd8dddc96 Art W Meyer. (2011). Backup and Disaster Recovery. Retrieved from Art W Meyer, IT/230 website Backup and Recovery. (ND). Retrieved from http://www-01. ibm. com/software/tivoli/solutions/backup/ Backup & Recovery. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. sonicwall. com/us/products/Backup_Recovery. html Boda, K. (2009). Forums > Cisco: Average Connection Consumes 11. 4 GB Per Month. Retrieved from http://www. dslreports. com/shownews/Cisco-Average-Connection-Consumes-114-GB-Per-Month-105086 Cisco. (2008). Disaster Recovery: Best Practices. Retrieved

What does a Cap Mean Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

What does a Cap Mean - Case Study Example As the paper highlights the children of patient could be giving this statement to avoid heavy medical bills which would result from the operation. Moreover there have been cases when children are interested in will’s money of the deceased rather than their well being. Moreover recent medical back ground of the patient should be analyzed and discovered. This record would shed light on her chances at surviving the operations and conditions after a successful operation. The best method is to contact her previous physician for past medical records. This paper stresses that the feelings of the family and friends are relevant to this decision. The important factor however is to analyze and discover any selfish feelings on part of family and friends. These self interests can motivate the participant involved to negatively influence the decision. The best method is to conduct complete interviews with different members of the family in order to cross check point of views and reach the truth. This cross check would enable us not only to understand the perceptions and feelings of family members involved but also reliability of their accounts and representation. These emotions should be judged and included in the decision making process on the basis of their integrity. Over the years different laws have been established when it comes to euthanasia or mercy killing. The doctor in charge would have to establish the fact that the nature of his actions. The prevention of giving the patients treatment which is available could be considered a crime. If the intention of this prevention of treatment is intended to reduce suffering at a later time it would be considered as euthanasia. There the laws which govern the state of affairs in the state of the hospital would be relevant. If the doctor does not adhere to these laws he could be charged with mal practice or even murder. Therefore it is very important to consult a lawyer who has practiced local law and can identify the dangers in the current situation.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Report - Essay Example Therefore, Daphnia and humans experience similar effects when exposed to specific toxic or chemical components (Grant, 2000). Daphnia magna is generally used by scientists because the species is fairly easy to care for and provides accurate investigation results for water quality and toxicity. Thus the assessment of the effect of different chemicals on Daphnia magna will give indications on the impacts of these chemicals on human body. The objective of this report is to determine and distinguish the effect of toxicity on the heartbeat by testing the effect on Daphnia magna. Hypothesis The interaction of foreign chemical components with the physiology of Daphnia magna affects its heart beats Non hypothesis The interaction of foreign chemical components with the physiology of Daphnia magna does not affect its heart beats Method:- As described in the practical handbook as well as time course events. Results Heartbeats of Daphnia magna after adding 3 chemicals and their combinations were recorded at different time intervals. The results have been tabulated in the table below Heartbeats min-1 Control A B C A+B B+C A+C Time 2 minutes 94 125 75 93 248 211 131 4 minutes 96 135 68 98 369 22 128 6 minutes 95 134 75 95 354 213 134 8 minutes 90 129 68 94 328 198 129 10 minutes 86 136 68 87 311 168 138 12 minutes 92 126 91 85 321 179 121 14 minutes 94 129 73 92 341 189 128 16 minutes 96 130 72 94 - 196 124 18 minutes 95 142 74 95 - 201 131 20 minutes 98 136 75 97 - 204 134 The following graph compares the changes in heart rates on addition of 3 chemicals and its combinations. Graph 1: Changes In Heart Rates On Addition of 3 Chemicals And Its Combinations. Additivity Graph 2: Comparison of the effect of A, B and the combination of A & B Graph 3: Comparison of the effect of C, B and the combination of C & B The graphs above compare the effect of chemicals in relation with the effect of their combination. Antagonism Graph 3: Comparison of the effect of C, B and the combination of C & B Discussion:- Graph 1: Heart rate count per 15 seconds Graph 1 indicates the effect on the heartbeat rate of Daphnia when exposed to chemical A, B and C and different combinations of A B and C. The graph results show that all the chemicals and their combinations. In comparison with the control, the combination of A and B had relatively higher impact on the heart rates. Chemical B individually reduced the heart rates of Daphnia. The combination of A and B and also the combination of B and C exhibited additivity. In both the combinations, the interaction of these chemicals was equivalent to the added impact of both the chemicals. In the case of the combination of A and C, A interacted with C to reduce the effect of C. This is a case of antagonism. This combination is of clinical relevance as one chemical reduces the impact of the other. Conclusion From the observations, it is evident that all the chemicals and its combinations cause interactions with heart functioning and aff ects heart rates at varied levels. All the combinations including the individual addition of chemical affected the heart rate of Daphnia. However, some of the effects were very less compared to others. Antagonic interaction was observed between the chemicals A and C. Additivity was observed between the chemicals A and B and also between B and C. Thus the hypothesis of the report is supported by the findings of the study.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 12

Strategic Management - Essay Example As such there is a greater link between the innovation and firm level strategy that need to be supporting each other at the enterprise wide level. The innovation therefore without a concrete strategy may not be possible for the organizations to achieve in either short term or long term. Apple, one of the leading electronics manufacturing firms in the world started as a Personal computer manufacturer and was completely outclassed by its competitors in almost all segments of the business. However, over the period of time, its innovation strategy has led to it become one of the most innovative firms with a distinguished record for brining in innovative products in the market. This paper will therefore look into the innovation strategy of the Apple and explore as to how Apple was able to achieve the innovation and what are some of the strategies and tools that it used to achieve such position in the market. On April fool day in 1976, Apple Computer was invented by a Collage drop out Steven Wozniak and with his friend Steve Jobs to form a company that can manufacture and market the computer designed and developed by Steven Wozniak. By 1980s Apple was one of the leading manufacturers of the computers offering both the hardware and software in one PC. Apple Computers were considered as the State of the art computers providing both the efficiency and cost effectiveness and were phenomenonal in their ability to perform complex operations with more efficiency as compared to most of its competitors. Apple I, Apple II and Apple III were earlier models of the computers that were manufactured and marketed by the Apple by making more innovations into the overall design and technology of these computers. Thus the history of innovation at Apple is one of its earliest achievements as Apple continued to evolve its products by offering better and more

Retail Business and Consumer Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Retail Business and Consumer Environment - Essay Example Success in retailing is the result of sensitive perceptive decisions that require imaginative and innovative techniques. For example, as the American economy continued in its slow down a few years ago, many retailers were afraid to embrace new ideas. Instead of using their creative power to increase their competitive advantage, these retailers either just continued doing things as they always had done them, cut costs without thinking about the impact on customer satisfaction or copied what their competitors were doing† (Dunne 2008). These decisions are complicated by business environment because of low margins, high capital requirements, often or cyclical consumer demands. In recent years, retailers have turned to new information technologies to fight with these challenges. Indeed, the latest generation of a retail application has become and continues to be, a game changer in this industry. Studies show that those retailers deploying advanced technology solutions realize signif icant shareholder returns on average, with the help of technology-driven improvements like enhanced customer loyalty, efficient sales channels, advanced supply chain operations, and agiler merchandising. â€Å"Three fundamental and interrelated changes have occurred in European retail environment: first, the balance of power has shifted along the distribution channels from the manufactures to the retailers, secondly, traditional independent retailers and cooperatives have lost market share to multiple chain organizations, thirdly, markets have become increasingly consolidated and concentrated† (Gilbert 2003). Long-term business success is becoming more complex, for example, new technologies make it possible for companies to compete for customers in multiple sales channels and venues, including those on the phone, and on the web, allowing retailers to gain market share. The retails need the capacity to serve customers anytime and anywhere. Here is the relevance of the study of retail business and the consumer environment. Starting with a brief description of the retail business, going through the political, socio, economic, cultural factors affecting consumption patterns by applying appropriate theories of retail development in needed portions, it further explains the implication of retailing in urban development, and how advanced technologies can help retail industry to gain market share. When one observes the international retail market, for example, in the United States, the retail industry originated from a community shop where people would shop for necessity items. Single general stores were common because of limited population, and the disconnectivity of the people within the city. Later societies advanced with population increase went to big cities, and new technologies enabled to enhance interconnectivity among people, and easy communication between distanced cities gave further opportunities for the formation of specialty stores. In the current scenario, the US retail industry is booming. With this exponential growth of retail business across the nation can in the very near future come into the category of infrastructure industry. Adaptation is an important fact in the retail industry as trends in society, a taste of various products and people’s demand are more. In business to business market, managing customer relations and fulfilling their need is a vital factor. A customer is the main focus.

Bruno in the East Village Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bruno in the East Village - Essay Example The people have the power to dictate the progress and operations of a restaurant as in the case of Bruno. I totally agree with that view as the people who visit the restaurants can determine its present challenges as well as enabling it to overcome them. The challenges that the restaurant faces despites its short stay is a result of their own making if what the author says is anything to go by. The poor conditions at Bruno such as uncomfortable seats marked by a long row of tables with chairs and banquettes have served to keep people away from the restaurant. The author compares the seating arrangements at the restaurant as those in the police cells and that confirms how worse the conditions are. One has to wait for a long time before their meals are served and that indicates poor customer relations. The critics who are quick to criticize all the efforts that are being undertaken by the restaurant in an effort to improve their services should not do so in haste. The restaurant should be given time to adjust to new conditions before they begin to receive negative responses from bloggers, critics, and competitors. I firmly agree that some restaurants just like other businesses are successful in making their advertisement very alluring and catchy to the eyes of the public but very little to show for it when one visits the actual places. The things that a firm shows to the public should not be very different from the actual events within their premises.

Diversity in Racial, ethnic and cultural history Essay

Diversity in Racial, ethnic and cultural history - Essay Example There is a growing need for the government agencies and leaders, businessman, educators, and the society in general, to look at these racial differences that are not thought of in the past. Because of globalization, we come to accept this diversity, and for economic reasons, we realize the interdependence of each others lives. The growing economic system that is due to globalization .and advanced technology has accelerated the need to understand cultural differences and accept it as a way of life. I am a Caucasian by race with a French background. Being a Caucasian, I am proud of my ethnicity. The whiteness of the skin or being fair skinned as a passport to the American culture, is something new to me. Caucusus, the land where we lived, is blessed by nature, and for a long time, supplied the Russians with oil. Because of this relation, Caucasians developed a racial communist background, but we now belong to the ex-communists world. It is only now that I learned that the cohesiveness of my people is an influence of the Soviet system, and with the collapse of the system, people became closer because they feared of the uncertainty of their future, and â€Å"they have fallen back to ethnic solidarity to counter feelings of insecurity†(Henze, Paul, n.d.) Caucasus, is home to forty ethnic groups for many years, so its culture and ethnicity is a mixture of all these. Dr. Takvul, Ufuk, who made a sociological analysis of the Caucasia culture, said this race is characterized by ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is a tendency to view groups or cultures different from its own perspectives. It is an attitude that tends to believe of its own superiority. But having a French background makes my identity more colorful. Like the U.S., the immigration laws of the French country are tainted with racial prejudices. The existence of several laws makes the lives of minority groups difficult because of xenophobic attitude. Xenophobia is the extreme hatred for foreigners, and based

Consumer behaviour in the ethnic food market Personal Statement

Consumer behaviour in the ethnic food market - Personal Statement Example This kind of liberty has somehow made the process intimidating. Writing a dissertation primarily entails the hard task of simultaneously coming up with a significant design. At the start, I have to let myself be open to every input such as lectures and class discussions, books and articles I read, might as well to journals I encountered. To refrain from losing the important facts and information, I have to put things that interest me into a journal. I've also tried doing some sort of research or survey wherein I have asked elder students and even faculties on what types of topics did they have for dissertation and have let them share their experiences as they come along the process. Their stories have somehow served as my inspiration and a challenge to do my best with such tedious and get fulfilling task. These motivations and the knowledge that my study could be of great contribution and significance in the future researches had kept me going. With my limited knowledge on major scholarly topics that are most important in my field, and having the great topics already used up; I have to do some general reading in the field to come up with a significant and original topic. ... Considering the scope manageability and the significance of the continuously rising Halal market particularly in Tesco retail setting, we have agreed that I should focus on that topic. With the help of my tutor, I manage to have a firm grasp of the facts in my case, and have been dedicated to answer vital "why" and "how" questions within the topic. Trends and outcomes in ethic food marketing, as well as their causes must be dealt with despite their apparent unavailability. Dissertation involves series of intricate process that needs full attention, hard work, and consistency. Coming up with the mere title is rather challenging. The author must come up with a clear, succinct, simple yet fully explanatory and can perfectly reflect the content of the whole document. After long reflection, several rejections and experts advice, I finally came up with the title "Consumer Behavior in the Ethnic Food Market", believing that it will best suit my topic in the clearest and simplest manner. This is then succeeded with review of literature, a considerably long part of the whole paper that supposed to provide the reader with a summary of the current knowledge related to the topic to be studied. I have learned to utilize all great facilities in the universities. After filing some initial paperwork from graduate school, I immediately began with my review of literature. Reading thru all the files I have gathered, I was somewhat disappointed to find out that some of it was actually irrelevant if not far from what I should focus on. I must have been very eager to gather an enormous information by only looking at their titles and carelessly browsing its contents, that I have failed to realize that I those would just take me out of my topic.

J.B. Priestly & the story Essay Example for Free

J.B. Priestly the story Essay After the Inspectors departure Birling admits that he has learnt a loti from his visit. However, he immediately singles out Eric as youre the one I blame for this [the scandal]i , so he still seems to have little notion of community as he should, if he had learnt anything, be saying were the ones to blame for thisi. Instead he seems to be shifting blame from himself. We can also see that as soon as the characters begin to construct doubts about the legitimacy of the Inspector he tries to find a way out of his predicament. As the story unravels he becomes excitedi on discovering that the Inspector is not real and soon he has managed to put the whole episode out of his head, despite protests from Eric and Sheila who try to tell him that you still havent learnt anything. i Birling is far more concerned about what may happen if the news comes out in public than whatever he did to Eva Smith and makes fun of Eric and Sheila for not being able to take a jokei. However, the phone call he receives at the end of the play is not at all funny to him. To sum up, from the play we can see that when Birling preaches his every man for himselfi philosophy he is very assured that he is right. The Inspectors questioning manages to make him change his mind slightly although he is still sure of what he believes in. When he sees a chance to get out of the embarrassing situation he has been put into he grabs it with both hands and manages to forget the lesson he has learnt during the evening. Sheila is probably the character who changes the most during the play. At the start of the action she is very happy about her engagement, pleased with life and rather excitedi. However, even at this point we pick up some of the qualities in her that are so marked later in the play, such as her clear stating of opinions which can be seen when she half-teases Gerald about his absence during the summer and her opinion of wine drinkers. Sheilas reaction on receiving her engagement ring from Gerald show her state of mind: Sheila: Oh its wonderful! Look Mummy isnt it a beauty? Oh darling! i Sheila appears to be inattentive over her fathers speeches at the dinner table and has to be told to listen. This suggests that she neither find his opinions interesting nor agrees with them, which may point to her future conduct in the play. Sheilas explanation of her conduct when interviewed by the Inspector shows how naive and thoughtless she was up to that point. However, unlike Birling she feels very upset about her conduct, shown by her running out of the room sobbing when first shown the photograph of Eva Smith. She also swears that she will never, never do it [behaving like that towards others] again to anybodyi. This is a turning point in the play for Sheila. Almost at once she sheds her image of being a naive and ignorant young lady and takes on the most profound understanding of the Inspectors message. During the rest of the play she often makes several cutting remarks during the other characters i interviews with the Inspector. For example, when the Inspector is talking to Mrs Birling she warns her mother not to block herself from Eva Smith in her answers to his questions: Mrs Birling: And in any case I dont suppose for a moment that we can understand why the girl committed suicide. Girls of that class Sheila : Mother, dontplease dont For your own sake, as well as ours, you musnt. Mrs Birling: Musnt what? Really, Sheila! Sheila : You musnt try to build up a kind of wall between us and that girl. If you do, the Inspector will just break it down Incidences such as this, where Sheila is clearly contradicting the opinion of her parents, lead Mrs Birling to remark to the Inspector that You seem to be making a great impression on the childi. The Inspectors response, that we often make an impression on the young onesi is proved to be true. The younger characters Sheila, Eric and to an extent Gerald, are able to see the Inspectors message realise that he is right. However, the older characters are too entrenched in their beliefs and still stubbornly cling to what they believe in.

J M Smucker Company Marketing Essay

J M Smucker Company Marketing Essay J.M Smucker Company has been providing the quality products to consumers since 1879. Jeromer Monroe Smucker, the founder of Smucker Company introduced the Company with limited products of jams, jellies, and preserves. To grow existing brands, introduce new products, and make strategic acquisitions is the main J.M Smuckers corporate strategy. These three strategies are focus mainly on the North America. Today, Smucker Company exceeds in manufacturing and marketing of fruit spreads, retail packaged coffee, peanut butter, shortening and oils, ice cream toppings, sweetened, condensed milk, and health and natural beverage all across North America. J.M Smucker has its own house brand and is the owner of all trademarks except Pillsburry, the Barrelhead logo. Its house brand includes Smucker, Folgers, Dunkin Donut, Jif, Crisco, Eagle, R.W. Knudsen, Hungry Jack, Cafà © Bustelo, White Lily, Five Roses, and Carnation etc. With the policy of Owning and Marketing Number 1 brand sold all around the North America, Smucker Company has been able to remain in the top quartile of Fortunes magazine since the magazine created the ranking. SWOT Analysis Strengths The Company is able to become No. 1 food brand Company in North America because of its remarkable strengths. Smuckers has always been cautious in the series of the acquisition of new Company. Smuckers tries to acquire only established brands than building a new brand from scratch. They also focus on the only brands they think they could develop globally and reduce the number of unwilling items. Smuckers Company has the ability to shift sales to products with higher margins increasing the efficiency and pulling down the unit costs. J.M Smucker never back up themselves when it comes with competing branded food manufacturers or private-label manufacturers. Smuckers strengths also include its ability to keep employees happy and it remains Fortune Magazines top 25 companies. Weakness Even though the Company was doing better in USA, Canada, and Australia; however, globally the company was becoming less relevant. The Companys 2001 annual sales were far less comparatively to other big companys sales. The Company small size and limited product line made it less capable in competitive bargain advantages and in store production. The Company was lacking house-sale product and also lacking of effective marketing for their low sugar free jams. There could be a possible susceptible to lawsuits from product mislabeling. Opportunity J.M Company has been producing attractive products and brands. But huge competitors with the big scale such as Nestle were also encouraging Smuckers Company to go from limited product line to consolidation in order to have a smooth flow in the business. Thus co-branding with other companies, taking over the Multifoods, and targeting baby boomers those were looking for peanut butter substitutes makes the most of the opportunity. They also got the opportunity of a service division to restaurant, schools, hospital, college students, corporate, private schools, and country club. During the 90s the woman working outside was increasing remarkably; they were eating their lunches outside their houses that helps increase significant percentage in food market. The Company increase overall profitability. Threat There were many external threats to the Smucker Company; major one includes the competition such as Kraft, Nestle, and Campbell. Another threat concludes the fierce competition between the branded food manufacturer and private label manufacturer. Private manufacturers price was attractively below then the branded label. There was a significant increase in the fruit prices from growers that leads the Company use less real fruit decreasing the quality of the product. Consumer tastes were also considers a substantial psychological threat which could make the customer substitute the Smuckers product with others. Recommendation Smucker is a small Company comparing to the giant Company like Nestle. In the competitive market, Smuckers has done its best performance by acquiring the other company making the Company looks bigger. But such rapid consolidation can cause a lot of problem. The latest addition of Crisco and Jiff, as well as much other small and big company has created much concern for the Smukers company. Smuckers sales was projected to go up from $ 651 million in 2001 to 3$ billion in 2002, nearly four times larger. Such marketing plan can cause the Corporates culture and management problem. Smuckers Company need to take it easy in the acquisition process and shouldnt rush trying to increase the majority sell. Smuckers must bring change in the management and make sure of the Companys better culture. The management of each unit needs to be reorganized with a new division. The second recommendation to Smuckers Company is while making a decision weather which product to keep on the market. Company should only focus on the profitability unit and eliminate the product that hasnt added any value to the companys operation. Doing so, Company will have a strong control into its operation. Company should try its best to regulate on further horizontal integration until it is well establish and ready for the vertical integration. For the continued success of the company, research and development would be very important. R D has made it possible for the companys largest growth segment in their Un-Crustable products. Improvement in the technology and innovation will offer the Company with best packaging design that will increase the number of customers. They should also investigate the cost saving measures in production, marketing, and distribution because the market for Smuckers is quiet cost sensitive. Product and process innovation will definitely bring the cost benefit to the company. .

Winston Churchill :: Biography

Winston Churchill One of the most famous and loved men on the allied power side was Winston Churchill. Winston Churchill’s full name was Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill. He was born at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England on November 30, 1874. Churchill was the oldest son. His father was Lord Randolph Churchill and Winston, like his father, was British. Mr. Churchill was a statesman, a soldier, an author, and a journalist but the one job that he did best and was most important was Prime Minister. A Prime Minister was very responsible for war aspects, or things that go on during the war. Churchill, being Prime Minister in 1940, was good for England because he was a very confident person so he kept his people’s hopes up. Winston made sure that military aid on the allied power side was secure. In return, he got moral support from the United States. Churchill traveled around the world a lot to meet with other leaders and befriended them. Together they made up a strategy that defeated Adolf Hitler. By the end of World War II Churchill and the allied powers had defeated the axis powers. When people saw Churchill walk down the street they felt confident. This is because they saw their hero, Winston Churchill, walk with a big cigar in his mouth. But the one thing that they really liked about him was that he made his hands in the shape of a V for victory. Winston was Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945. The Labour party defeated him in 1945. The party stayed in power until 1951. This was when Winston Churchill regained power again. He stayed in power until April 1955, when ill health came his way and forced him to resign.

Overview of The Cold War :: essays research papers

The Soviet Union and the United States served as Allies during World War II. At the end of the war however each side wanted to deal with the aftermath differently. The United States was in favor of a peaceful and cooperative relationship with Germany and their Allies. The Soviet Union wanted revenge on the crimes and atrocities that were committed against them. The United States wanted to push democracy in Eastern Europe yet the Soviets countered this by saying the United States was hypocritical, since at that time the United States supported the Latin countries that were governed by dictatorships. The Soviets were under the impression that this was an effort to boost the UNITED STATES economy. One of the main reasons the Soviets wanted their revenge is because they lost over twenty million citizens in the war. Even though the United States lost 405, 000, this was not as great as the loss suffered by the Soviet Union. Just like when one person gets mad they have to have it their way or no way at all and the Soviets felt this way. They wanted revenge on Germany and did not want to take no for an answer. As a result of World War II the United States came out the most powerful nation in the world, they had learned from their mistakes, as well as the knowledge of how the war could have been prevented. Therefore the United States believed they knew best and ignored the previous isolation policy. Their attitude toward the Soviets was very cocky because they believed they knew what was best. The United States needed to access raw materials, markets for their goods, and security for investments overseas that could only be met in countries with governments like their own. Th is is another reason the United States wanted to push for democracies overseas. President Truman wanted to have a cooperative relationship with the Soviet Union as long as they did what the United States wanted them to do. He wanted to restrain their expansionist impulses and allow the United States to rebuild Germany and their Allies. Truman knew that he could get away with this because American had a nuclear monopoly which attributed to the United State’s power. Josef Stalin the leader of the Soviet Union wanted to force communism on surrounding nations.

Essay --

For decades, America has been the fastest growing economy country in the world, and Detroit was one of the most leading populous city in the United States. Back in 1930, Detroit was the fastest growing city, but now is the fastest shrinking city with more than 100, 000 abandoned homes (Heidi Ewing and Rachel Grady). Similarly, Bay Area economy was the envy of the nation with high employment rates and GDP growth like Detroit in the 1930s, and is currently suffering from losing jobs, residents, and status. Both Detroit and the Bay Area are single resource-based industries - where Detroit is manufacturing dominated, and Bay Area is high technology dominated. However, the Bay Area will not go bankrupt and become a ghost town in fifty years, because its high diversities in the economic opportunities are attracting people to stay and work here. High educated and talented people is the fundamental for the economic development in the cities. In Detroit, many workers in the car industries are either unskilled or low skilled workers with only high school diplomas simply because of those works do not need special talents or skills in order to have the work done. Due to the division of labor, large jobs are breaking down into many tiny components. â€Å"Under this regime each worker becomes an expert in one isolated area of production, thus increasing his efficiency† (Adam Smith). Detroit was not creating suitable jobs for high educated or professional people to work there; therefore, it caused the brain drain. Brain drain by definition means â€Å"the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another usually for better pay or living conditions (Merriam Webster Dictionary). This means that high skil... ...cars. According to Nancy Andrews, Christopher Kirkpatrick, and Eric Millikin, â€Å"Detroit went on a binge starting around 2000 to close budget holes and to build infrastructure, more than doubling debt to $8 billion by 2012.† Detroit was borrowing money to build these infrastructures that are not capable of doing other things except to build cars; therefore, when other countries cars has found out other ways to make cheap cars and to sell their cars for a cheaper price, Detroit cannot lower their cars’ prices due to their loans for building the infrastructures. However, the Bay Area will not go bankrupt because it is not in debt. In contrast, the Bay Area is gaining a revenue, which the grand total revenue is $6670.6 millions in the year of 2013. In addition, the Bay Area is planning to gain a revenue of $276.92 billions in next twenty eight years (Plan Bay Area).

CDA Competence Goals Essay

I. To establish and maintain a safe, healthy learning environment. 1. Safe: Candidate provides a safe environment to prevent and reduce injuries. 2. Healthy: Candidate promotes good health and nutrition and provides an environment that contributes to the prevention of illness. 3. Learning Environment: Candidate uses space, relationships, materials, and routines as resources for constructing an interesting, secure, and enjoyable environment that encourages and fosters trust, play, exploration, interaction, and learning. II. To advance physical and intellectual competence. 4.  Physical: Candidate provides a variety of developmentally appropriate equipment, learning experiences, and teaching strategies promote the physical development (fine motor and gross motor) of children. 5. Cognitive: Candidate provides activities and opportunities that encourage curiosity, exploration, and problem solving appropriate to the development levels of each child. 6. Communication: Candidate actively communicates with children and provides opportunities and support for children to understand, acquire, and use verbal and nonverbal means of communicating thoughts and feelings. 7. Creative: Candidate provides opportunities that stimulate children to play with sound, rhythm, language, materials, space and ideas in individual ways and to express their creative abilities. III. To support social and emotional development and to provide positive guidance. 8. Self: Candidate provides a warm, positive, supportive relationship with each child, and helps each child learn about and take pride in his or her individual and cultural identity. 9. Social: Candidate helps each child feel accepted in the group, helps children learn to communicate and get along with others, and encourages feelings of empathy and mutual respect among children and adults. 10. Guidance: Candidate provides a supportive environment and uses effective strategies to help all children learn and practice appropriate and acceptable behaviors as individuals and as a group, and effectively provides support for children with persistent challenging behaviors. IV. To establish positive and productive relationships with families. 11. Families: Candidate establishes a positive, cooperative relationship with each child’s family, engages in two-way communication with families, encourages their involvement in the program, and supports the child’s relationship with his or her family. V. To ensure a well-run, purposeful program responsive to participant needs. 12. Program Management: Candidate is a manager who uses all available resources to ensure an effective operation. The Candidate is a competent organizer, planner, record keeper, communicator, and a cooperative coworker. VI. To maintain a commitment to professionalism. 13. Professionalism: Candidate makes decisions based on knowledge of researched-based early childhood practices, promotes high-quality child care services, and takes advantage of opportunities to improve knowledge and competence, both for personal and professional growth and for the benefit of children and families.

Analysis Poem ‘No Coward Soul Is Mine’

No Coward Soul Is Mine by Emily Bronte No coward soul is mine, No trembler in the worlds storm-troubled sphere: I see Heavens glories shine, And faith shines equal, arming me from fear. O God within my breast. Almighty, ever-present Deity! Life — that in me has rest, As I — Undying Life — have power in Thee! Vain are the thousand creeds That move mens hearts: unutterably vain; Worthless as withered weeds, Or idlest froth amid the boundless main, To waken doubt in one Holding so fast by Thine infinity; So surely anchored on The steadfast Rock of immortality. With wide-embracing love Thy Spirit animates eternal years,Pervades and broods above, Changes, sustains, dissolves, creates, and rears. Though earth and man were gone, And suns and universes ceased to be, And Thou wert left alone, Every existence would exist in Thee. There is not room for Death, Nor atom that his might could render void: Thou — Thou art Being and Breath, And what Thou art may never be d estroyed. Analysis Connotative words:First stanzaIn the second line, storm-troubled has negative connotative meaning. Denotative meaning from storm is an extreme weather condition with very strong wind, heavy rain, and lighting; and the denotative meaning of trouble s to cause someone to have a problems or difficulties. The word storm-troubled is a compound verb that has connotative meaning an activity of destroying something with the powerful energy or an activity that can cause a dangerous effect. In the fourth line, shines has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from shines as verb is to send out or reflect light; the connotative meaning is to show something or looks like. Also in fourth line, the word arming has positive connotative meaning. The word arming comes from word arm and affix  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œing. Arming then has meaning as verb.The denotative meaning from arm is part of body which consist of two long parts of the upper body that fixed to the shoulders and have hands at the end. The connotative meaning from arming is to embrace or to hug someone, also to save or to make safety from something.Second stanzaIn the first line, the word breast has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from breast is part of body, especially has relation with women. The connotative meaning from this word is deep inside of heart. In this line the poet wants to show that she really believes in God, so that she says that God in her breast or in her deep inside of her heart. Fourth Stanza In the fourth line, Rock has positive connotative meaning. The denotation meaning of rock is the dry solid part of the Earth’s surface; stone. The connotative meaning of Rock here is the faith, beliefs, or religion that people have to have.Seventh StanzaIn the third line, Being and Breath has positive connotative meanings. The denotative meaning of being is a person or thing that exists or the state of existing; and breath is the air that goes into and o ut of lungs. The connotative meaning of those words is the One who only has the being forever or the One who can give a life or soul for the creature.

Immaculate Perception

The stance of immaculate perception is a false one. Immaculate perception describes a pure and untainted perception, one that has no bias. Bias is acquired with experiences and teachings, both of which create expectancy, which taints perception with bias. One may argue that a newborn baby has immaculate perception, a clean slate with no expectations or sense conditioning. However, this point cannot be proved because where is the division between the experiences of the mother and the baby, or is there even a division between the two? Does the baby's formation count as an experience? With no clear answers to these questions how can immaculate perception occur in reality? This question leads to another one. What is reality and how does it relate to perception? Reality is the truth that we try to ultimately reach through perception as we sort through our sense datum. Yet, this truth can vary between people. The conclusion or truth that people search for through perception analysis can be determined by one's own needs and expectations. Though two creatures may be exposed to identical stimuli and sense datum their inferences achieved through perception will vary greatly because each has a tainted or biased perception. For example, a human and a dog are both put in a forest where they are lost and must find their way home. The person will rely highly on sight to sort through the wilderness and arrive home safely because he has conditioned himself to rely heavily on the sense of sight while, the dog may rely on scent more so then sight to track his way home. Both have perception that has been flawed or somewhat polluted. Both the human and dog are exposed to the same stimuli yet they each perceive their situations differently. This is due to their biased perception, the human through previous experiences has conditioned himself to perceive his experiences mainly through sight while the dog has done the same but with smell, neither has an unprejudiced perception because both have been conditioned through experiences. Perception is controlled and created by experience. The goal of perceiving is to know your surroundings. However your surroundings control your experiences. Therefore perceiving is a way of analyzing your experiences. But if this is true then there is no such thing as immaculate perception. Every individual's experiences are each unique. The way in which they are accepted or rejected depends on cultural conditioning as well as previous experiences. With this bias no one can claim to have untouched or virgin perception because it has been trained to only acknowledge certain elements of the surrounding. For example, I have been trained to rely on sight to gain the bulk of my knowledge of my surroundings but a blind person would have trained their senses or perception tools very differently having no sight. Therefore each experience and the sense datum gained from it would be different. The stance of immaculate perception claims that since the act of perceiving has no bias each experience for every person results in the same knowledge. This is false because it is impossible for two beings to infer the same information from a protocol. In a world made of unique creatures it's impossible for immaculate perception to exist.

To what extent was Roosevelt’s New Deal the reason why America was able to overcome the great depression?

Even today, almost 70 years after Roosevelt introduced his New Deal the question of whether or not it was a success is still unanswered. â€Å"This nation asks for action and action now†¦. we must act, and act quickly† 1 Roosevelt came to his position as president at a time of crisis and had promised a ‘New Deal' for the American people which would help America rebuild herself after the great depression. Roosevelt wanted to revive the economy and provide support for those who had been hit the hardest by the depression. He promised to end prohibition, cut unemployment by creating new jobs for people and help the industries; businesses and farms recover from the depression2 The Roaring Twenties From America the 1920's were an era of prosperity. America had wanted isolation from the rest of the world so tariffs had been introduced on all imported goods, which would have encouraged Americans to buy US goods. American would then be able to supply itself and consequently reduce overseas competition. This demand for goods led to a period of mass production. The First World War had provided an opportunity for American companies to make large profits by selling weapons to America's allies whose industrial production was comprised by their war economies. Also during WW1 France and Britain had relied on America to loan them money to fund the manufacture of their weapons to enable them to keep fighting the opposition in the war, these loans were still being paid off well after the war had ended. 3 The Fragility of the Boom However this affluence could not last for ever, America was over producing which meant that the market would soon become saturated. Industries had produced thousands of goods but the demand was no longer there, as those who could afford the goods already owned them so consumption began to decline. The market for goods was also reduced due to the economical divide; America had been split into two halves; on one side the wealthy and on the other poverty stricken farmers and blacks that were working, so socialists would argue, so that the rich could indulge in luxuries. Mass production contributed greatly to the downfall of the country, as it was not equally matched by mass consumption, which is a major factor in what caused the Wall Street crash of 1929. 4 â€Å"Billions of dollars' worth of profits- and paper profits- had disappeared. The grocer, the window cleaner and the seamstress had lost their capital. In every town there were families which had suddenly dropped from showy affluence into debt†5 The end of an era Although some experts had predicted the economical crash, the majority of people believed that the USA was so wealthy and so powerful that the boom would never end. Share prices had soared and people were encouraged to go on buying on credit. Hire purchase was so easily obtainable that few people realised that it was very dangerous to go selling on credit, as eventually people would not be able to make the repayments. Due to overproduction the market was gutted, and companies were going ‘bust'. The market could be ‘played' by anyone, from a baker to a postman; they didn't need any experience. When it was realised that the stocks and shares were not doing as well as previous years, despite warnings from experts that they would improve, there was a massive loss in confidence and a mass panic. People became unsure of their investments and wanted to retrieve their shares. Panic stricken people were selling their stocks for a great deal less than what they were actually worth, prices plummeted and on October 24th 1929prices crashed. Over 13 million shares were sold and a further 500,000 on 29th October. Shares dramatically lost value, ‘Electric bond and Share' shares had fallen from $186 to $50 in just 2 months6; many had lost all that they had invested. 7 â€Å"The stock market was shaken to its foundations yesterday by the severest break in the history of Wall Street. The immediate cause of the debacle, which was entirely unexpected, was the forced liquidation of large brokerage accounts and furious bear attacks that chopped from $5,000,000,000 to $7,000,000 in values from shares. Trading on the floor of the Stock Exchange was virtually paralyzed†¦ For many people, the shock of the Wall Street crash was too much for them to take and some even committed suicide as they believed they had lost everything and would not be able to rebuild their life. The wealth and prosperity that America had gained during the ‘roaring' twenties had not been shared equally between the American citizens, which had caused a lot of inequality, and resentment from the lower classes. As a result of this America plunged into depression, people began to realise that the economic problems would not go away unless they did something about it. Wages fell and soon people did not have enough money to feed and clothe themselves and their family, the American population was no longer self-sufficient. â€Å"I have two boys to go to work. They haven't got any shoes, no clothes. They can't go to look for a job because they haven't any shoes†9 Lower annual incomes had forced wives and older children who had not previously had to work, look for jobs. 10 Banks collapsed because people withdrew all their money from banks and kept it at home. People had lost confidence in the financial system and instead of investing and spending people now began to save. 1 Roosevelt's New Deal After the Wall Street Crash, the American people were looking for someone to pull them out of depression and so when Roosevelt offered them his New Deal they weren't reluctant to oppose him, they saw him as their ‘saviour'12 Roosevelt promised the American public rapid action â€Å"The country needs, and unless I mistake its mood, demands bold experiments. Above all, try something†13 He knew that he had no time to waste and that the only way to relieve America from depression was to act quickly. He guaranteed that his ‘New Deal' would revive the economy and improve the standard of living in America. 14 An important factor we have to consider when discussing the success of the New Deal is that Roosevelt was and still is an extremely popular American figure so much of the evidence that is available for us to study is biased towards him. Due to this we have to make sure we consider the reliability and consistency of the sources we are studying. Roosevelt built up an incredibly respectable and honest image of himself so most of the sources, which are available to us, are biased towards him. One of the sources that I have studied15 described the success of the TVA, however the director of the TVA wrote this source so is obviously going to be biased towards the new deal. Even though it contains facts and figures there is no way of telling if they are true. Roosevelt had the power to censor all kinds of media and also use the radio, television and newspapers as propaganda. However there was some opposition to Roosevelt although there are no sources to support their views; large businesses were not fond of Roosevelt or the New Deal as they saw it as the government interfering in things that were not their concern. Also the wealthier members of society believed that because Roosevelt was a rich man they expected him to help them but instead he raised taxes on the well off and ignored their desires. 16 The start of WW2 would have had a dramatic effect on the economy of America although people tend to forget this and suggest that the recovery of America's financial system was initiated solely by Roosevelt's New Deal. Reforming the financial system Roosevelt decided that his New Deal would consist of different schemes and programs, and laws (known as the alphabet laws), which would bring about economic recovery. Before Roosevelt could pass any new laws the banking emergency needed to be sorted out. On March 6th 1933 the Emergency Banking Act and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was enforced and all banks were shut down. This gave the government the opportunity to inspect the health of all banks and almost two thirds were re-opened soon after, as they were declared acceptable. The FDIC was formed by the congress to insure deposits up to $5000 and people began to put their money back into the banks and confidence gradually returned. Faith had been re-established in American banks and people were no longer scared that they would lose all of their savings in a bank failure. After the Wall Street Crash all confidence in the banks had been lost but by introducing the FDIC and the Emergency banking Act Roosevelt was able to restore this trust. â€Å"Confidence and courage are the essentials in our plan. You must have faith; you must not be stampeded by rumours. We have provided the machinery to restore our financial system; it is up to you to support and make it work. Together we cannot fail†17. The Federal Securities Act of May 1933 and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) were set up to regulate the stock market and required full disclosure of information on stocks being sold. The Congress also gave the Federal Reserve board the power to regulate the purchase of stock. Modernization of American Agriculture The Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA) was introduced to try and raise farm prices and used proceeds from a new tax to pay farmers not to raise specific crops and animals, lower production would in turn increase prices. In May 1933 the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was established to help farmers and to create jobs in one of America's least modernized areas. A hydroelectric power plant was reactivated and provided cheap electric power, flood control and recreational opportunities to the entire Tennessee River Valley. 18 The TVA involved ordinary people in the planning so that they would be taking part in making decisions, which affected their own future. â€Å"In ten years the dams TVA has built have made this region the second largest producer of power in the United States. In 1944 the system will produce nearly half as much electricity as the utilities of the entire country produced in 1914. â€Å"19 Between 1935 and 1943 the Works Progress Administration (WPA) was set up and provided work for 8 million Americans, it decreased the rate of unemployment and the workers constructed or repaired schools, hospitals and airfields. 20 The Farm Security Administration (FSA) loaned more than $1 billion to farmers and set up camps for migrant workers. The FSA aimed to assist sharecroppers, tenant farmers and migrant labourers. One success of the FSA was that it brought the problem of poverty to national attention. Supporting the people of America The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was led by Harry Hopkins who believed that men should be put to work and not be given charity. This agency sent funds to depleting local relief agencies and also funded public work programs, within two hours $5million were given out and deteriorating relief programs were revitalized. The Civil Works Administration (CWA) gave the unemployed jobs building or repairing roads, parks, airports and other public places. This not only provided a physical boost to its 4million workers but also a psychological one. 21 Roosevelt had succeeded in creating more jobs, which helped reduce the number of unemployed, to 7. 7 million by 1937 from 12. 83 million just 4 years before. 22 The CWA and FERA also helped repair many public places, which was a beneficial, step in rebuilding America. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of June 1933 was formed to boost declining prices and to help businesses and workers. NIRA allowed trade associations in many industries to write codes regulating wages, working conditions, production and prices. If all employers in each competitive group agree-to pay their workers the same wages-reasonable wages-and require the same hours-reasonable hours-then higher wages and shorter hours will hurt no employer. Moreover, such action is better for the employer than unemployment and low wages, because it makes more buyers for his product. That is the simple idea which is the very heart of NIRA†23 The Public Works Association (PWA) was a part of the NIRA and often regarded as one of the best parts launched projects such as the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River and gave the unemployed jobs helping enforce these new programs. Roosevelt placed a lot of efforts into reducing the rate of unemployment, which is why so many of his proposals were focused around creating new jobs. The Civilian conservation Corps (CCC) was an environmental program, which positioned 2. 5million unmarried men in work, maintaining and restoring forests, beaches and parks. The workers only received $1 a day but they also got free board and job training. During 1934 and 1937 the CCC funded similar programs for over 8,500 women. These programs taught men and women to live independently and significantly increased their self-esteem. We have here one of the best [CCC] camps that could possibly be established. The country and the hills here make you think there is no such thing as a city†¦. It sure beats ‘Brother can you spare me a dime'. â€Å"24 The great depression had left many people homeless, which was why the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) was set up. It helped people keep their houses by refinancing the mortgages of middle- income homeowners and also tried to help those without a home find suitable accommodation. During the depression many people families had been forced out of their homes because they could no longer afford to keep their houses, the HOLC can be considered as a success as the number of homeless people did decrease and the problem had been largely overcome. In 1935 the National Labour Relations Act (Wagner Act) was launched to legalise practices allowed only unevenly in the past, such as closed shops in which only union members could work. It authorized workers to form trade unions and the act also set up the National Labour Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce its provisions. The Fair Labour Standards act of 1938 was a long awaited triumph for the socialists who wanted to reform American society. The act enforces a set minimum wage and a maximum number of hours that people are allowed to work and also banned child labour. The depression had caused a lack of confidence among the people and the Social Security Act of 1935 helped millions of Americans feel more secure. It established a system that provided pensions for workers, benefits for survivors of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance and aid for mothers, children, the blind and the physically disabled. The Black community had always been severely discriminated against so Roosevelt displayed genuine sympathy for Black aspiration so to gain support from the minority groups. The National association for the advancement of coloured people (NAACP) brought an impressive number of churches, academics, labour unions and other liberal groups into the anti lynching mob. 26 In 1934 the Indian Reorganization Act was passed which ended the sale of tribal lands. This act restored ownership of unallocated lands to Native American Groups, which caused a very positive outcome for Native Americans. Benefits of the New Deal Roosevelt's New deal was considered a great success by the people of America, he had managed to convince them that it would be able to overcome the great depression and his confidence reflected upon them and everyone had great faith in his New Deal. â€Å"Nothing can stop the President's program, nothing will even hamper the presidents program†¦ the power of this people, once aroused and united in a fixed purpose, is the most irresistible force in the world†27 On the surface it appeared that the New Deal had been a victory. It gained such dedicated support from the American public that their confidence had been fully restored. A noticeable achievement of the New Deal was the Fair Labour Standards Act, which had established a minimum wage and a maximum hours policy. President Roosevelt had carefully planned his New Deal in such a way that the problems of the depression would be overcome as soon as possible and restore America's financial status. All of the schemes in Roosevelt's New Deal were aimed to bring relief to as many people as it could and to bring the support quickly. One of the main reason's why the New Deal did achieve some significant changes was that the American public was convinced that it would work and trusted Roosevelt and believed he would be able to rebuild the economy. When the Banks reopened after the Emergency banking act, many people began to reinvest their money in the reopened banks, which showed that they had confidence that there would not be another economical collapse. Opposition to the New Deal However, the New Deal was not entirely a success; it faced a lot of opposition primarily from the rich and the republicans. The republicans opposed the increase in presidential power and believed it was leading to dictatorship and critised Roosevelt for high government spending. The Supreme Court was constantly suggesting that the laws which were included in the New Deal were unconstitutional. Full employment and dramatic reductions in poverty were not achieved until 1942-43, when 13,000,000 men and women were serving in the armed forces and the United States were supplying huge amounts of war materials and food to America's allies, which meant that America's economic power was being restored. 28 The New Deal failed to promote real economic recovery and it had taken massive government borrowing, investment and spending to end the depression. Despite Roosevelt's numerous attempts to restore America's economy with the NRA and the AAA the New Deal never completely succeeded in overcoming the economical problems caused by the depression. The National Industrial Recovery Act stopped the tailspin of prices for a short while although as wages rose so did prices and consumers began to buy fewer goods. The Continuous cycle of overproduction and under consumption put business back into a slump. Some businesses felt that the codes enforced by the NIRA were too complicated and difficult to understand and believed the act was too rigid. The Agriculture Adjustment Administration was quite a controversial program as farmers were told to kill off certain animals and destroy crops; many people could not believe that the government was condoning such horrific action when there were American people who were starving. Although the Tennessee Valley Authority had been successful in creating new jobs for hundreds of people the results were not as dramatic as the government had claimed. Only 3 out of every 100 farms had electricity and the levels of Malaria and vitamin deficiency had increased and at a dangerous level. The average wage of a farmer was 40% of the national wage and many farmers were in a great amount of debt. The TVA had been very much involved with the richer farmers who didn't really did its help and had ignored the needs of the poorer, less fortunate farmers, â€Å"The land-grant colleges were closely tied to the interests of the richer farmers. They had little or nothing to do with the poor, mainly black tenant farmers. The services offered by the TVA-advice on new farming developments, fertilisers and marketing- were monopolised by the richer, white farmers. â€Å"29 Most of the programs and schemes which were put forward by Roosevelt had limited funds and only made slight differences to the state of America. The New Deal did not extend to all deprived Americans and excluded the minority groups. There was never a Civil Rights program, which caused massive Black demonstrations and pressurized the government to establish fair employment practises although it refused to end discrimination in the armed forces. The New Deal was an extremely difficult period of time for black families, by 1933 half of black workers were without a job and those who did have jobs were discriminated against as the National Recovery Administration had made it legal to pay white people more than the blacks. 30 Republican opponents of Roosevelt criticised the Social Security Act, as they believed that it was destroying the traditional culture of America. Many thought that the government did not have the right to intervene with people's lives by making them pay taxes for Social Security. However contradicting to this some liberals felt that the payments should have been bigger to provide more social security to the American people. The New Deal had given assistance to those on the border of poverty like the blue collar workers and commercial farmers but had offered much less to those who were in permanent poverty. The New Deal did not succeed in lifting the nation entirely out of depression and in 1939 there were still 10 million people unemployed. 31 â€Å"Although much of the advances that were made came as a result of government spending†¦ he nation had barely reached the 1929 level of production a decade later, and there were still nearly ten million men and women unemployed. â€Å"32 Was the New Deal a success? The New Deal undoubtedly brought changes to the economy of America although there were most probably other factors, which contributed to the restoration of the American financial system. The economy of America had always previously, and still today been very unsteady, the national income is forever changing and sometimes falls and often rises. There is no proof, and we will never know whether the wealth of America would have restored itself without the help of Roosevelt's New Deal. Also the start of the Second World War would have brought a remarkable change to the nation's revenue. The country would have concentrated on producing military goods for their allies, which would have provided more jobs and in turn would have slowly revived America's financial system. â€Å"During Franklin Roosevelt's first term, the New Deal did not cure the underlying economic problems. It was the war that did that. Within a matter of months, six million workers found new jobs†33 By 1943 unemployment had been reduced to just 1. 07 million from almost 13 million at the height of the depression. 34 Without the New Deal, however, the country would still have been in a state of recession, and might have been unable to help with the war effort at all. Generally, Roosevelt's New deal had been a success; it had brought to America a great change, which contributed greatly to the restoration of the country. Child labour was prohibited and a national wage and maximum hours legislation was established. By the time that the New Deal had ended organised labour had more imperative and influential position in American society than it had ever had before. The New Deal had to a great extent reduced the reputation and power of big businesses and put a significant number of measures to stabilise America's economy. It had re-established the public's assurance in society introduced new laws and schemes to help prevent a new depression. In conclusion, the extent of which Roosevelt's New Deal was a success will forever remain unknown. President Roosevelt was a great inspiration to the American people in the 1930's and still today is remembered as one of America's greatest and most influential presidents. Although many may critise the New Deal and the way that Roosevelt dealt with the problems of the depression, there is no way of telling whether or not America would be the super power it is in the present day if Roosevelt hadn't have proposed his schemes and policies which were contained in his New Deal.